Table 3 Adjusted odds ratio for development of any fracture and adjusted β coefficient for change of T scores from baseline by religiosity stratified by age and sex from longitudinal analyses

Age < 50 years

Any fracture

 Model 1

Reference

0.92 (0.74 to 1.14)

1.13 (0.89 to 1.44)

1.39 (0.99 to 1.95)

Reference

0.94 (0.74 to 1.19)

1.25 (0.98 to 1.59)

1.39 (1.02 to 1.89)

 Model 2

Reference

0.89 (0.70 to 1.13)

0.99 (0.75 to 1.30)

1.32 (0.91 to 1.90)

Reference

0.92 (0.70 to 1.22)

1.13 (0.85 to 1.49)

1.39 (0.99 to 1.96)

 Model 3

Reference

0.89 (0.70 to 1.13)

0.98 (0.75 to 1.30)

1.32 (0.91 to 1.91)

Reference

0.92 (0.70 to 1.21)

1.13 (0.85 to 1.49)

1.39 (0.99 to 1.96)

 Model 4

Reference

0.89 (0.70 to 1.13)

0.98 (0.75 to 1.30)

1.32 (0.91 to 1.91)

Reference

0.92 (0.70 to 1.22)

1.13 (0.86 to 1.49)

1.41 (0.99 to 1.98)

Delta T score

Adjusted β coefficient (95% confidence interval)

 Model 1

Reference

-0.01 (-0.21 to 0.20)

0.07 (-0.18 to 0.32)

0.17 (-0.20 to 0.55)

Reference

-0.03 (-0.23 to 0.18)

0.10 (-0.12 to 0.33)

0.15 (-0.17 to 0.47)

 Model 2

Reference

-0.01 (-0.20 to 0.21)

0.10 (-0.15 to 0.35)

0.21 (-0.17 to 0.59)

Reference

-0.02 (-0.23 to 0.18)

0.11 (-0.12 to 0.34)

0.17 (-0.16 to 0.49)

 Model 3

Reference

0.00 (-0.20 to 0.21)

0.10 (-0.16 to 0.34)

0.21 (-0.17 to 0.58)

Reference

-0.02 (-0.23 to 0.18)

0.11 (-0.12 to 0.34)

0.17 (-0.15 to 0.49)

 Model 4

Reference

0.00 (-0.20 to 0.21)

0.09 (-0.16 to 0.34)

0.21 (-0.17 to 0.58)

Reference

-0.02 (-0.23 to 0.18)

0.11 (-0.12 to 0.34)

0.17 (-0.15 to 0.49)

Age ≥ 50 years

 Any fracture

Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

 Model 1

Reference

0.89 (0.68 to 1.17)

1.00 (0.76 to 1.30)

1.13 (0.83 to 1.54)

Reference

0.71 (0.57 to 0.88)

0.68 (0.56 to 0.84)

0.77 (0.61 to 0.97)

 Model 2

Reference

0.90 (0.66 to 1.23)

1.00 (0.73 to 1.35)

1.10 (0.78 to 1.57)

Reference

0.63 (0.49 to 0.81)

0.63 (0.50 to 0.80)

0.74 (0.57 to 0.97)

 Model 3

Reference

0.91 (0.67 to 1.23)

1.00 (0.74 to 1.36)

1.11 (0.78 to 1.58)

Reference

0.63 (0.49 to 0.81)

0.63 (0.50 to 0.80)

0.75 (0.57 to 0.98)

 Model 4

Reference

0.90 (0.66 to 1.23)

1.00 (0.73 to 1.35)

1.11 (0.78 to 1.58)

Reference

0.63 (0.49 to 0.82)

0.63 (0.50 to 0.80)

0.76 (0.58 to 0.99)

Delta T score

Adjusted β coefficient (95% confidence interval)

 Model 1

Reference

0.03 (-0.26 to 0.33)

-0.09 (-0.40 to 0.22)

0.14 (-0.24 to 0.52)

Reference

-0.20 (-0.55 to 0.15)

-0.23 (-0.58 to 0.11)

-0.24 (-0.63 to 0.15)

 Model 2

Reference

0.05 (-0.25 to 0.34)

-0.06 (-0.37 to 0.25)

0.17 (-0.21 to 0.55)

Reference

-0.22 (-0.57 to 0.14)

-0.26 (-0.60 to 0.09)

-0.26 (-0.66 to 0.13)

 Model 3

Reference

0.05 (-0.25 to 0.34)

-0.06 (-0.37 to 0.25)

0.17 (-0.21 to 0.55)

Reference

-0.22 (-0.57 to 0.14)

-0.26 (-0.60 to 0.09)

-0.26 (-0.66 to 0.13)

 Model 4

Reference

0.04 (-0.25 to 0.34)

-0.06 (-0.37 to 0.24)

0.17 (-0.21 to 0.55)

Reference

-0.22 (-0.57 to 0.14)

-0.26 (-0.60 to 0.09)

-0.26 (-0.66 to 0.13)