Table 1 Demographic characteristics and mean values of measures
Variables | Mean (SD) | n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64.89 (12.13) | ||
Sex | Men | 41 (27.9%) | |
Women | 106 (72.1%) | ||
Pain duration (months) | 81.00 (75.08) | ||
Pain location | Head, face, or mouth | 14 (9.5%) | |
Cervical | 27 (18.4%) | ||
Upper shoulder or upper limbs | 44 (29.9%) | ||
Thoracic | 7 (4.8%) | ||
Abdominal | 4 (2.7%) | ||
Low back | 52 (35.4%) | ||
Lower limbs | 102 (69.4%) | ||
Pelvic | 7 (4.8%) | ||
Anal, perineal, or genital | 3 (2.0%) | ||
More than three locations | 29 (19.7%) | ||
Education level | Junior high | 23 (15.6%) | |
High | 83 (56.5%) | ||
Vocational | 18 (12.2%) | ||
Junior college | 12 (8.2%) | ||
Undergraduate | 9 (6.1%) | ||
Graduate school | 2 (1.4%) | ||
Marital status | Married | 107 (72.8%) | |
Unmarried | 12 (8.2%) | ||
Divorced | 10 (6.8%) | ||
Widowed | 17 (11.6%) | ||
No response | 1 (0.7%) | ||
Employment status | Full-time employment | 28 (19.0%) | |
Part-time employment | 17 (11.6%) | ||
Student | 1 (0.7%) | ||
Homemaker | 37 (25.2%) | ||
Retirement | 12 (8.2%) | ||
Suspension or retirement due to pain | 19 (12.9%) | ||
Not working unrelated to pain | 18 (12.2%) | ||
Others | 15 (10.2%) | ||
Pain Severity (BPI) | 4.16 (1.78) | ||
Pain Interference (BPI) | 4.19 (2.35) | ||
Anxiety (HADS-A) | 6.30 (3.52) | ||
Depression (HADS-D) | 6.47 (3.98) | ||