Table 3 A summary of the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach
Quality assessment | Summary of findings | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No of studies | Risk of bias | Imprecision | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Publication bias | No of participants | Pooled standardised mean difference (95% confidence intervals) | Quality of evidence |
Pain for intermediate term | ||||||||
2 | Serious risk of bias, indicating downgraded on level due to there was more than 25% of participants from studies | Very serious imprecision due to very limited sample sizes (fewer than 400 participants), and no significant difference rate down two levels Significant | Very Serious Downgraded two levels due to I2 > 75%, rate down two levels | Not serious Indirectness, do not downgrade | Undetected | 300 | -1.38 (-2.78 to 0.02) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
Pain for long term | ||||||||
2 | Serious risk of bias, indicating downgraded on level due to there was more than 25% of participants from studies | Very serious imprecision due to very limited sample sizes (fewer than 400 participants), and no significant difference rate down two levels Significant | Serious Downgraded one level due to I2 > 50%, rate down one level | Not serious Indirectness, do not downgrade | Undetected | 300 | -1.01 (-1.92 to -0.10) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
Disability/functional status for intermediate term | ||||||||
3 | Serious risk of bias, indicating downgraded on level due to there was more than 25% of participants from studies | Serious imprecision due to very limited sample sizes (fewer than 400 participants), rate down one level Significant | Very Serious Downgraded two levels due to I2 > 75%, rate down two levels | Serious Downgraded one level due to different sample | Undetected | 333 | -0.76 (-1.46 to -0.07) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
Disability/functional status for long term | ||||||||
2 | Serious risk of bias, indicating downgraded on level due to there was more than 25% of participants from studies | Serious imprecision due to very limited sample sizes (fewer than 400 participants), rate down one level Significant | Serious Downgraded one level due to I2 > 50%, rate down one level | Not serious Indirectness, do not downgrade | Undetected | 300 | -8.48 (-11.47 to -5.49) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
Fear of physical activity for intermediate term | ||||||||
2 | Serious risk of bias, indicating downgraded on level due to there was more than 25% of participants from studies | Serious imprecision due to very limited sample sizes (fewer than 400 participants), rate down one level Significant | Serious Downgraded one level due to I2 > 50%, rate down one level | Not serious Indirectness, do not downgrade | undetected | 300 | -3.01 (-5.14 to -0.88) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
Fear of physical activity for long term | ||||||||
2 | Serious risk of bias, indicating downgraded on level due to there was more than 25% of participants from studies | Serious imprecision due to very limited sample sizes (fewer than 400 participants), rate down one level Significant | Very Serious Downgraded two levels due to I2 > 75%, rate down two levels | Not serious Indirectness, do not downgrade | Undetected | 300 | -3.56 (-6.43 to -0.68) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |