Table 2 Multivariate analysis of significant background factors for functional constipation (FC)

Age

1.023

1.013

1.033

< 0.001**

1.032

1.020

1.045

< 0.001**

Sex (female = 1)

0.353

0.267

0.468

< 0.001**

0.380

0.260

0.498

< 0.001**

BMI

0.942

0.906

0.980

0.003**

Office worker

0.753

0.581

0.976

0.032**

 Retired or unemployed

0.677

0.449

1.023

0.064

 Homemaker

2.255

1.685

3.018

< 0.001**

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

0.634

0.485

0.827

< 0.001**

 Hypertension

0.629

0.414

0.956

0.030**

 Type 2 diabetes mellitus

0.150

0.048

0.473

0.001**

0.191

0.058

0.627

0.006**

 Dyslipidemia

0.689

0.459

1.034

0.072

 Anemia

0.213

0.149

0.305

< 0.001**

0.173

0.119

0.252

< 0.001**

 Improvement with defecation

1.188

0.891

1.585

0.241

 Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool

0.719

0.558

0.927

0.011**

0.689

0.477

0.996

0.048**

 Onset associated with a change in form or appearance of stool

0.807

0.626

1.040

0.098

 Straining during at least 25% of defecation

2.060

1.502

2.825

< 0.001**

 Lumpy or hard stools at least 25% of defecations

2.535

1.854

3.468

< 0.001**

 Sensation of incomplete evacuation for at least 25% of defecation

3.578

2.451

5.223

< 0.001**

1.953

1.283

2.974

0.002**

 Sensation of hard evacuation

12.56

5.899

26.744

< 0.001**

8.152

3.600

1.846

< 0.001**

 Manual maneuvers to facilitate digital evacuation for at least 25% of defecation

1.329

0.801

2.208

0.271

 Manual maneuvers to facilitate support of the pelvic floor for at least 25% of defecation

2.334

1.716

3.176

< 0.001**

1.587

1.123

2.241

0.009**

 Loose stools are rarely present without the use of laxatives

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Bristol stool type 4

0.395

0.270

0.578

< 0.001**

0.585

0.386

0.888

0.012**

 History of laxative use

5.851

4.341

7.886

< 0.001**

 Pharmacy

2.684

2.056

3.505

< 0.001**

 Internet

2.103

1.446

3.015

< 0.001**

 More than 1000 yen

1.806

1.384

2.357

< 0.001**