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Table 4 Common symptoms by the PH and CD groups

From: Health-related benefits and adverse events associated with yoga classes among participants that are healthy, in poor health, or with chronic diseases

NRS score

Symptoms

N

%

First

Last

UPV

FPV

d

(n)

PH group

Easy fatigability

39

34.2

6.5±2.2

4.5±2.4

0.001

0.004

0.87

(30)

Shoulder stiffness

35

30.7

7.1±2.3

4.9±2.9

0.001

0.004

0.85

(26)

Low back pain

30

26.3

6.0±1.8

4.4±2.6

0.006

0.013

0.74

(23)

Coldness

24

21.1

7.8±1.5

5.5±2.1

<0.001

0.002

1.21

(13)

Headache

15

13.2

5.7±2.7

2.5±2.5

0.006

0.013

1.23

(11)

Insomnia

14

12.3

7.6±1.5

4.7±2.4

<0.001

0.002

1.46

(13)

CD group

Easy fatigability

32

23.0

6.6±2.3

4.9±1.6

0.010

0.019

0.86

(23)

Low back pain

26

18.7

5.7±2.4

4.3±2.8

0.001

0.004

0.54

(23)

Knee joint pain

19

13.7

6.4±2.4

4.6±2.8

0.022

0.036

0.67

(17)

Shoulder stiffness

19

13.7

7.1±2.1

4.6±2.8

0.003

0.008

1.01

(16)

Anxiety

18

12.9

7.3±1.7

5.4±2.2

0.002

0.005

0.98

(14)

Insomnia

14

10.1

7.3±2.2

6.2±2.3

0.040

0.057

0.50

(10)

  1. Values are the mean ± standard deviation. PH participants in poor health (n=114), CD participants with chronic diseases (n=139), First the first yoga class, Last the last yoga class. The degree of symptoms is shown by a numerical rating scale (NRS) with 10 indicating the worst. N illustrates the number of participants who complained of any symptom. The number in parenthesis is the number of participants who scored their degree of symptoms in both the first and the last periods. As data from participants that had missing values were excluded from analysis, statistical analyses were conducted using the number in the parentheses. Multiple symptoms were included. Unadjusted P values. FPV FDR-adjusted P values for multiple comparisons (First vs Last, paired t-test) d effect size between Pre and Post (Cohen’s d)