Pilot study of a basic individualized cognitive behavioral therapy program for chronic pain in Japan

Table 4 Estimated mean difference and standardized mean difference with 90% confidence interval from LMM

	Baseline to post-treatment		Baseline to follow-up
	MD	SMD (Hedge’s g)	MD	SMD(Hedge’s g)
Overall QOL measures
EQ5D-5 L (primary outcome)	0.10 [0.03, 0.18]	−0.72 [−1.38, − 0.05]	0.09 [0.01, 0.16]	−0.60 [−1.22, 0.02]
SF-12-PCS	1.78 [−4.06, 7.63]	−0.18 [− 0.82, 0.47]	5.49 [− 0.50, 11.48]	− 0.53 [− 1.15, 0.08]
SF-12-MCS	7.70 [2.12, 13.28]	−0.80 [−1.46, − 0.13]	5.45 [− 0.27, 11.17]	− 0.55 [− 1.17, 0.06]
SF-12-RCS	8.21 [3.56, 12.87]	−0.94 [−1.62, − 0.26]	7.10 [2.32, 11.89]	−0.80 [−1.43, − 0.17]
Pain severity / Disability
NRS summary score	−0.21 [− 0.83, 0.40]	0.19 [− 0.45, 0.84]	0.19 [− 0.44, 0.82]	− 0.17 [− 0.78, 0.44]
PDAS	−4.85 [−10.33, 0.63]	0.51 [−0.14, 1.16]	−2.34 [−7.94, 3.26]	0.24 [−0.36, 0.85]
Pain-related psychological variables
PCS	−11.04 [− 17.23, −4.85]	0.98 [0.30, 1.67]	−12.34 [− 18.69, −5.98]	1.08 [0.43, 1.73]
TSK-11	−2.83 [−6.03, 0.37]	0.51 [−0.14, 1.16]	−3.91 [− 7.19, − 0.63]	0.70 [0.07, 1.32]
PSEQ	9.89 [3.66, 16.12]	−0.85 [−1.52, − 0.18]	12.21 [5.81, 18.61]	−1.03 [− 1.68, − 0.39]
Depressive symptoms
PHQ-9 total	−3.45 [−5.75, −1.14]	0.86 [0.19, 1.54]	−3.95 [−6.31, −1.58]	0.97 [0.33, 1.62]

LMM Linear mixed model, MD Mean difference, SMD Standardized mean difference (Hedge’s g), QOL Quality of life, EQ5D-5 L EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire five level, SF-12-PCS Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form Health Survey-Physical Component Summary, MCS Mental Component Summary, RCS Role/Social Component Summary, NRS Numerical Rating Scale, PDAS Pain Disability Assessment Scale, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, TSK-11 Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia eleven, PSEQ Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9

ISSN: 1751-0759