Table 5 Comparison of perceived stress, hidden anxiety, obvious anxiety before and after intervention in the intervention and control groups
Variable / group | Intervention group | Control group | Statistical test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± standard deviation | Mean ± standard deviation | |||
Perceived stress | Before | 24.72 ± 5.31 | 25.98 ± 5.75 | Z = 1.199 P = 0.233 |
After | 22.14 ± 4.97 | 26.81 ± 3.49 | t = 6.19 P < 0.001 | |
Statistical test | t = 3.68 P < 0.001 | Z = 1.57 P = 0.116 | ||
Hidden anxiety, | Before | 17.48 ± 3.99 | 17.66 ± 14.40 | t = 0.134 P = 0.893 |
After | 15.12 ± 9.50 | 17.86 ± 4.12 | t = 3.058 P = 0.003 | |
Statistical test | t = 3.25 P = 0.002 | t = 0.643 0.522 | ||
Obvious anxiety | Before | 15.11 ± 6.03 | 16.97 ± 5.25 | t = 1.53 P = 0.126 |
After | 12.61 ± 5.70 | 17.25 ± 4.47 | Z = 4.849 P < 0.001 | |
Statistical test | Z = 3.65 P = 0.001 | t = 1.044 P = 0.30 | ||
Total anxiety | Before | 33.14 ± 7.53 | 34.51 ± 8.63 | t = 0.970 P = 0.334 |
After | 27.74 ± 9.16 | 35.02 ± 7.41 | t = 6.35 P < 0.001 | |
Statistical test | t = 4.25 P < 0.001 | t = 1.35 0.181 | ||