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Table 3 Psychosocial factors in association with subsequent disease progressiona in 240 patients with chronic hepatitis Cb

From: Inhibition of emotional needs and emotional wellbeing predict disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients: an 8-year prospective study

 

Model 1c

Model 2d

Model 3e

Scale

HR (95 % CI) f

P value

HR (95 % CI)

P value

HR (95 % CI)

P value

Stress Inventory

 Type-I-related scales

  Low sense of control

0.99 (0.78–1.25)

0.92

1.03 (0.80–1.32)

0.83

1.02 (0.79–1.32)

0.88

  Object dependence of loss

1.15 (0.87–1.52)

0.32

1.16 (0.87–1.56)

0.31

1.18 (0.87–1.61)

0.28

  Unfulfilled need for acceptance

1.19 (0.96–1.49)

0.12

1.17 (0.91–1.51)

0.23

1.18 (0.92–1.53)

0.20

  Altruism

1.10 (0.85–1.42)

0.48

1.16 (0.87–1.56)

0.31

1.11 (0.83–1.48)

0.49

  Total score

1.17 (0.86–1.59)

0.32

1.21 (0.85–1.70)

0.29

1.19 (0.84–1.69)

0.32

FACIT

 FACIT-G

  Physical wellbeing

0.56 (0.38–0.81)

0.002

0.84 (0.57–1.26)

0.41

0.90 (0.60–1.35)

0.60

  Emotional wellbeing

0.64 (0.42–0.97)

0.036

0.73 (0.47–1.14)

0.16

0.73 (0.46–1.16)

0.19

  Functional wellbeing

0.69 (0.52–0.91)

0.009

0.79 (0.56–1.13)

0.20

0.80 (0.56–1.13)

0.20

  Social/familial wellbeing

1.14 (0.83–1.58)

0.41

1.02 (0.71–1.45)

0.93

0.91 (0.64–1.30)

0.61

  Total score

0.55 (0.32–0.93)

0.025

0.69 (0.38–1.27)

0.24

0.67 (0.37–1.22)

0.19

 FACIT-Sp

  Meaning/peace

0.65 (0.45–0.94)

0.021

0.82 (0.56–1.21)

0.31

0.73 (0.49–1.08)

0.11

  Faith

0.88 (0.65–1.19)

0.40

0.85 (0.60–1.19)

0.33

0.76 (0.53–1.07)

0.11

  Total score

0.68 (0.46–0.99)

0.046

0.80 (0.53–1.20)

0.27

0.69 (0.46–1.05)

0.08

Total score (G + Sp)

0.54 (0.32–0.90)

0.019

0.68 (0.38–1.23)

0.21

0.62 (0.35–1.11)

0.11

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, FACIT functional assessment of cancer therapy, FACIT-G FACIT-General, FACIT-Sp: FACIT-Spiritual
  2. aDisease progression was defined as either the first diagnosis of HCC or hepatitis-related death, such as hepatic failure and upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. bUsing Cox proportional hazards models fitted to time-to-event data where event was either death associated with hepatitis or diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. cAdjusted for age and sex. dAdjusted for age, sex, and baseline known risk factors; cirrhosis, alanine. eAdjusted for age, sex, baseline known risk factors, and treatment-related factors during the follow-up period; ALT (most recent value) and results of antiviral treatments (sustained virological response, sustained biological response, or no response) as time-dependent variables. fHR associated with a 1-point increment in the scores of the Stress Inventory scales and the FACIT scales