Inhibition of emotional needs and emotional wellbeing predict disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients: an 8-year prospective study

Table 2 Multivariate analysis^a of demographic and known risk factors in association with subsequent disease progression^b in 240 patients with chronic hepatitis C

	Model 1^c		Model 2^d
Factor	HR (95 % CI)	P-value	HR (95 % CI)	P-value
Age, by 10 years	1.31 (0.88–1.96)	0.18	1.39 (0.93–2.09)	0.11
Female sex	1.10 (0.56–2.19)	0.78	1.28 (0.64–2.57)	0.48
Cirrhosis	4.23 (2.15–8.32)	<0.001	4.36 (2.16–8.79)	<0.001
Platelet count <100,000/mm³	1.41 (0.72–2.76)	0.31	1.57 (0.80–3.08)	0.19
Alanine aminotransferase >= 40 IU/l (baseline value)	1.02 (0.55–1.90)	0.94	0.84 (0.43–1.62)	0.60
Alpha fetoprotein >= 20 μg/l	2.50 (1.26–4.95)	0.009	2.35 (1.12–4.91)	0.023
Diabetes	1.17 (0.56–2.44)	0.68	1.14 (0.54–2.38)	0.73
Alcohol-drinking, current^e	1.00 (0.42–2.41)	1.00	1.08 (0.45–2.60)	0.87
Alcohol-drinking, past^e	1.56 (0.73–3.35)	0.25	1.42 (0.64–3.15)	0.39
Alanine aminotransferase >= 40 IU/l (recent value) ^f			2.21 (1.13–4.33)	0.021
Sustained virological response to antiviral therapy^g			1.66 (0.60–4.60)	0.33
Sustained biological response to antiviral therapy^g			0.94 (0.38–2.31)	0.89
No response to antiviral therapy^g			1.17 (0.55–2.49)	0.68

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval. ^aUsing Cox proportional hazards models based on time-to-event data where event was defined as death associated with hepatitis or diagnosis of HCC. ^bDisease progression was defined as either the first diagnosis of HCC or hepatitis-related death, such as hepatic failure and upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. ^cDemographic and known risk factors for HCC at baseline. ^dDemographic and baseline risk factors, and treatment-related factors during the follow-up period. ^eNo alcohol-drinking as reference. ^fTime-dependent variable, based on a latest measurement at every time-point when an event occurred. ^gTime-dependent variable, no antiviral therapy as reference

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