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Table 4 Comparison of ADS and SCI scores according to treatment method

From: Effects of gender, age, family support, and treatment on perceived stress and coping of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Treatment

Diet

Exercise

Oral hypoglycemic agents

Insulin

 

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

  

Yes n = 42

No n = 31

Yes n = 35

No n = 32

Yes n = 35

No n = 38

Yes n = 20

No n = 47

Yes n = 53

No n = 20

Yes n = 40

No n = 27

Yes n = 8

No n = 65

Yes n = 20

No n = 46

ADS

                 

Sense of self-control1)

6.50 ± 0.97**

5.74 ± 0.93

5.97 ± 1.04

5.84 ± 1.22

6.37 ± 0.91

6.00 ± 1.09

6.15 ± 1.14

5.81 ± 1.12

6.19 ± 1.11

6.15 ± 0.75

5.90 ± 1.06

5.93 ± 1.24

5.88 ± 0.35

6.22 ± 1.07

6.15 ± 1.35

5.81 ± 1.01

Psychological impact of diabetes2)

9.00 ± 3.00

9.42 ± 2.53

11.43 ± 2.88

11.69 ± 2.99

9.34 ± 2.80

9.03 ± 2.83

12.25 ± 2.83

11.26 ± 2.93

8.94 ± 3.03

9.80 ± 1.99

11.58 ± 2.85

11.52 ± 3.06

9.75 ± 1.28

9.11 ± 2.93

12.50 ± 3.46

11.15 ± 2.59

Efforts for symptom management3)

2.29 ± 0.83

2.35 ± 0.84

2.34 ± 0.76

2.31 ± 0.74

2.31 ± 0.80

2.32 ± 0.87

2.15 ± 0.49

2.40 ± 0.83

2.21 ± 0.82

2.60 ± 0.82

2.30 ± 0.76

2.37 ± 0.74

2.88 ± 0.83*

2.25 ± 0.81

2.20 ± 1.01

2.38 ± 0.61

SCI

Pla

7.14 ± 3.96

6.61 ± 3.49

8.20 ± 4.00**

5.25 ± 3.43

6.91 ± 3.72

6.92 ± 3.83

8.25 ± 3.63

6.17 ± 4.02

7.09 ± 3.88

6.45 ± 3.44

6.38 ± 4.00

7.41 ± 3.97

6.13 ± 4.36

7.02 ± 3.70

7.35 ± 4.65

6.55 ± 3.71

 

Con

4.79 ± 3.34

5.68 ± 3.36

5.37 ± 3.16

3.97 ± 3.01

4.51 ± 2.76

5.76 ± 3.78

5.00 ± 2.77

4.57 ± 3.31

5.43 ± 3.59

4.45 ± 2.58

4.45 ± 3.31

5.07 ± 2.91

4.88 ± 3.60

5.20 ± 3.35

5.90 ± 3.52*

4.19 ± 2.86

 

See

4.45 ± 3.85

3.74 ± 2.86

5.09 ± 3.23

4.59 ± 3.35

3.89 ± 3.48

4.39 ± 3.47

5.30 ± 3.44

4.66 ± 3.22

4.26 ± 3.62

3.85 ± 3.05

4.35 ± 3.29

5.59 ± 3.15

4.00 ± 2.33

4.17 ± 3.59

5.10 ± 2.79

4.74 ± 3.48

 

Acc

7.05 ± 3.94

6.58 ± 4.39

7.57 ± 3.88

6.56 ± 3.56

7.29 ± 3.77

6.45 ± 4.42

8.05 ± 3.94

6.68 ± 3.62

6.87 ± 4.28

6.80 ± 3.75

6.68 ± 3.93

7.70 ± 3.42

5.25 ± 3.92

7.05 ± 4.12

6.75 ± 4.18

7.23 ± 3.58

 

Sel

6.00 ± 3.72

6.16 ± 3.30

8.57 ± 3.70*

6.56 ± 3.53

5.63 ± 3.03

6.47 ± 3.92

8.55 ± 3.09

7.21 ± 3.94

6.30 ± 3.60

5.45 ± 3.32

7.25 ± 3.81

8.15 ± 3.61

5.00 ± 4.31

6.20 ± 3.43

8.10 ± 4.01

7.40 ± 3.63

 

Esc

3.57 ± 2.42

4.55 ± 2.81

5.94 ± 3.08

5.19 ± 3.22

3.57 ± 2.38

4.37 ± 2.80

6.45 ± 3.24

5.21 ± 3.06

4.04 ± 2.75

3.85 ± 2.30

5.25 ± 3.04

6.07 ± 3.28

3.50 ± 2.27

4.05 ± 2.67

5.70 ± 3.16

5.53 ± 3.17

 

Dis

5.21 ± 3.63

5.84 ± 3.30

7.94 ± 4.15

6.97 ± 4.12

5.20 ± 3.39

5.74 ± 3.59

8.40 ± 3.66

7.09 ± 4.30

5.53 ± 3.59

5.35 ± 3.25

7.13 ± 4.29

8.00 ± 3.92

5.00 ± 3.96

5.54 ± 3.45

8.30 ± 4.07

7.13 ± 4.16

 

Pos

6.57 ± 4.66

6.77 ± 3.91

9.03 ± 3.82*

6.88 ± 3.98

6.80 ± 4.41

6.53 ± 4.31

9.65 ± 3.62*

7.30 ± 4.00

6.77 ± 4.49

6.35 ± 3.96

7.58 ± 4.23

8.63 ± 3.66

6.25 ± 4.53

6.71 ± 4.34

8.55 ± 4.19

7.77 ± 3.96

 

Con

24.71 ± 12.78

23.26 ± 12.42

28.43 ± 11.60*

21.59 ± 11.81

23.97 ± 11.60

24.21 ± 13.54

29.25 ± 11.00

23.43 ± 12.25

24.60 ± 13.09

22.75 ± 11.25

23.75 ± 12.72

27.26 ± 11.03

21.25 ± 13.79

24.45 ± 12.48

26.15 ± 12.28

24.74 ± 12.14

 

Em

20.07 ± 11.86

22.68 ± 11.05

29.34 ± 12.33

24.38 ± 12.97

19.83 ± 10.07

22.42 ± 12.71

30.45 ± 10.89

25.49 ± 13.35

21.70 ± 12.22

19.80 ± 9.54

25.35 ± 12.83

29.37 ± 12.58

18.75 ± 12.60

21.48 ± 11.45

29.60 ± 14.07

25.85 ± 12.19

  1. 1), 3): Higher scores are better; 2): Lower scores are better.
  2. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
  3. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t-test. Treatment vs. Non-treatment *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01.
  4. Pla: Problem solving, Con: Confrontational, See: Seeking social support, Acc: Accepting responsibility, Sel: Self-controlling, Esc: Escape-avoidance,
  5. Dis: Distancing, Pos: Positive reappraisal, Co: Cognitive, Em: Emotional.
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