Relation between psychosocial variables and the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional and prospective study

Table 4 Simple correlation coefficients (r) and standard regression coefficients by hierarchical stepwise multiple regression (β) between baseline variables and HbA_1c at 1 year follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 290).

			Hierarchical stepwise regression analysis
	Simple correlation		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
Baseline variables	r	P	β	P	β	P	β	P	β	P	β	P
Sex (male = 1, female = 0)	-0.106	0.071	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Age	-0.219	<0.001	-0.180	0.001	-0.153	<0.001	-0.154	0.001	-	-	-	-
Duration of illness	0.016	0.788	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-
Treatment regimen (diet only = 1, medication = 0)	-0.318	<0.001	-0.294	<0.001	-0.278	0.001	-0.274	<0.001	-0.155	0.001	-0.155	0.001
No. of microvascular complications of diabetes	0.102	0.082	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
DTSQ	-0.202	0.001	NI	NI	-0.115	0.030	NI	NI	-	-	NI	NI
W-BQ12	-0.137	0.020	NI	NI	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PAID	0.220	<0.001	NI	NI	NI	NI	0.140	0.014	NI	NI	-	-
SES	-0.095	0.108	NI	NI	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Social Support Scale	-0.054	0.358	NI	NI	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-Efficacy Scale	-0.166	0.001	NI	NI	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
HbA_1c	0.675	<0.001	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	0.638	<0.001	0.634	<0.001
Adjusted R²			0.127		0.138		0.144		0.479		0.474
F			22	<0.001	16.2	<0.001	17.0	<0.001	132	<0.001	130	<0.001

Medication: oral hypoglycemic agents, or insulin, or insulin plus oral hypoglycemic agents. DTSQ, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire; W-BQ12, Well-being Questionnaire12; PAID, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale; SES, Self-Esteem Scale. Each measure is detailed in the footnotes of Table 1. R², multiple coefficient of determination. NI, not included. Model 1, adjusted for sex, age, duration of illness, treatment regimen, number of microvascular complications of diabetes; Model 2, adjusted for Model 1 and DTSQ, W-BQ12, SES, Social Support Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale; Model 3, adjusted for Model 1 and W-BQ12, PAID, SES, Social Support Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale; Model 4, adjusted for Model 2 and HbA_1cat baseline; Model 5, adjusted for Model 3 and HbA1c at baseline.

ISSN: 1751-0759