Skip to main content

Table 4 Multilevel analysis of sleep duration during weekends in 2018–2020

From: Changes in the sleeping habits of Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 3-year follow-up study

 

Estimate

SE

95% confidence limits

P-value

Lower

Upper

Men

-24.4

6.4

-37.1

-11.8

0.0002

Women

reference

    

2018

0.3

5.3

-10.1

10.8

0.95

2019

reference

    

2020

-25.1

7.2

-39.2

-11.0

0.0005

Family home

reference

    

Lodgings

5.0

6.4

-7.9

18.0

0.44

First year

reference

    

Second year

24.2

11.3

2.0

46.4

0.03

Third year

26.8

11.8

3.6

50.0

0.02

Fourth year

24.7

12.3

0.7

48.8

0.04

Fifth year

3.9

12.3

-20.2

28.2

0.75

Sixth year

-0.8

12.2

-24.8

23.2

0.95

Always do something before going to bed

 Yes

17.8

8.1

1.6

34.0

0.03

 no

reference

    

Take hypnotics or minor tranquilizer

 Yes

-9.9

18.2

-49.5

29.7

0.60

 no

reference

    

Sleep apnea

 Yes

-3.5

7.3

-18.1

11.0

0.63

 no

reference

    

Arousal during sleep

 Yes

13.0

8.3

-3.6

29.5

0.12

 no

reference

    

Extracurricular activities

 Yes

-10.8

6.7

-24.1

2.4

0.11

 No

reference

    

Part-time job

 Yes

2.2

6.3

-10.4

14.8

0.73

 No

reference

    

Smoking

 Yes

0.3

16.4

-38.6

39.2

0.98

 No

reference

    

Drinking

 Yes

7.3

6.1

-4.9

19.4

0.24

 No

reference