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Table 1 Participant characteristics, by year

From: Changes in the sleeping habits of Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 3-year follow-up study

Variable

2018 (n = 677)

2019 (n = 657)

2020 (n = 398)

Age

 

22.0 ± 2.5

650a

22.0 ± 2.5

620a

21.9 ± 2.6

389a

Sex (women)

n, (%)

288 (44.8%)

643a

285 (43.9%)

650a

167 (42.5%)

393a

Student grade

  

643a

 

650a

 

398a

 First year

n, (%)

115 (17.9%)

 

122 (18.8%)

 

104 (26.1%)

 

 Second year

n, (%)

114 (17.7%)

 

115 (17.7%)

 

74 (18.6%)

 

 Third year

n, (%)

99 (15.4%)

 

112 (17.2%)

 

69 (17.3%)

 

 Fourth year

n, (%)

94 (14.6%)

 

99 (15.2%)

 

60 (15.1%)

 

 Fifth year

n, (%)

107 (16.6%)

 

100 (15.3%)

 

46 (11.6%)

 

 Sixth year

n, (%)

114 (17.7%)

 

102 (15.7%)

 

45 (11.3%)

 

Living alone

n, (%)

438 (67.5%)

649a

436 (67.7%)

644a

189 (48.1%)

393a

Takes part in extracurricular activity

n, (%)

446 (67.2%)

664a

433 (66.8%)

648a

251 (64.0%)

392a

Has a part time job

n, (%)

171 (25.8%)

664a

178 (27.5%)

648a

105 (26.4%)

398a

Current smoker

n, (%)

19 (2.9%)

663a

21 (3.3%)

646a

11 (2.8%)

393a

Current drinker

n, (%)

421 (63.4%)

664a

418 (35.3%)

646a

242 (61.4%)

394a

  1. anumber of valid respondents