Variables | Tertiles of the dietary inflammatory index | P value2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 (−5.55, −2.60) | 2 (−2.61, − 1.52) | 3 (− 1.53, 4.61) | ||
n | 939 | 940 | 939 | Â |
Energy (kcal/d) | 2040.02 ± 25.94 | 2273.71 ± 25.67 | 2844.32 ± 26.05 | < 0.0001 |
Carbohydrate (% of total daily energy) | 50.64 ± 0.28 | 48.41 ± 0.27 | 48.42 ± 0.29 | < 0.0001 |
Fat (% of total daily energy) | 36.30 ± 0.23 | 38.07 ± 0.22 | 38.18 ± 0.24 | < 0.0001 |
Protein (% of total daily energy) | 15.29 ± 0.08 | 14.93 ± 0.08 | 14.22 ± 0.08 | < 0.0001 |
Fiber (g/d) | 27.12 ± 0.16 | 22.96 ± 0.16 | 17.67 ± 0.17 | < 0.0001 |
Caffeine (mg/d) | 88.37 ± 3.27 | 96.49 ± 3.14 | 112.97 ± 3.37 | < 0.0001 |
Total folate intake (μg/d) | 604.36 ± 4.28 | 569.21 ± 4.11 | 549.68 ± 4.41 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 2.24 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 0.01 | 1.69 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001 |
Vitamin B12 (μg/d) | 2.99 ± 0.04 | 3.00 ± 0.04 | 2.90 ± 0.04 | 0.101 |
Mg (mg/d) | 366.34 ± 1.68 | 333.74 ± 1.61 | 284.99 ± 1.73 | < 0.0001 |
Omega-3 fatty acids (g/d) | 2.28 ± 0.04 | 2.25 ± 0.04 | 2.23 ± 0.04 | 0.648 |
Food groups | ||||
 Fruit (g/d) | 452.98 ± 7.53 | 311.71 ± 7.23 | 196.13 ± 7.76 | < 0.0001 |
 Vegetables (g/d) | 322.29 ± 3.74 | 235.29 ± 3.59 | 161.13 ± 3.85 | < 0.0001 |
 Nuts, legumes and soy (g/d) | 65.72 ± 1.24 | 58.79 ± 1.19 | 43.07 ± 1.27 | < 0.0001 |
 White meat (g/d) | 66.27 ± 1.55 | 64.54 ± 1.48 | 60.46 ± 1.59 | 0.039 |
 Red meat (g/d) | 83.02 ± 1.40 | 82.09 ± 1.35 | 69.79 ± 1.44 | < 0.0001 |
 Hydrogenated vegetable oil (g/d) | 9.67 ± 0.38 | 10.52 ± 0.37 | 11.36 ± 0.39 | 0.014 |
 Refined grains (g/d) | 338.03 ± 5.67 | 375.38 ± 5.44 | 460.88 ± 5.84 | < 0.0001 |
 Whole grains (g/d) | 57.00 ± 2.69 | 51.73 ± 2.58 | 23.19 ± 2.77 | < 0.0001 |