Job crafting, work engagement, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Mean, SD, internal consistencies (Cronbach’s alpha), and correlations of the variables (N = 894)^a)

	Measures	Range	Mean	SD	Cronbach’s alpha	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	Age^b)					−0.09**	0.38***	−0.08*	−0.25***	0.07*	−0.11**	0.12***	−0.03
2	Gender^c)						−0.20***	−0.12***	−0.01	−0.13***	−0.06	0.03	0.00
3	Job position^d)							0.10**	0.00	0.23***	−0.11***	0.12***	0.04
4	Increasing structural job resources	5–25	14.2	4.2	0.90				0.37***	0.61***	0.22***	0.50***	−0.11**
5	Increasing social job resources	5–25	9.1	3.0	0.76					0.42***	0.32***	0.30***	0.01
6	Increasing challenging job demands	5–25	10.6	3.9	0.84						0.25***	0.54***	−0.05
7	Decreasing hindering job demands	5–30	12.4	4.1	0.80							0.00	0.18***
8	Work engagement	0–54	23.4	9.2	0.93								−0.31***
9	Psychological distress	1–60	29.9	8.5	0.93

***p < 0.001 **p < 0.01 *p < 0.05
^a)Responses for the items were summed up for increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources, increasing challenging job demands, decreasing hindering job demands, work engagement, and psychological distress, respectively
^b)1 = Under 20 years, 2 = 20–29 years, 3 = 30–39 years, 4 = 40–49 years, 5 = over 50 years
^c)1 = Male, 2 = Female
^d)1 = Non-manager, 2 = Lower-level manager, 3 = Middle-level manager, 4 = Top management

ISSN: 1751-0759