Variables | Q1 (N = 183) | Q2 (N = 183) | Q3 (N = 184) | Q4 (N = 183) | P trend ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (kcal)* | 2751.25 ± 835.61 | 2619.72 ± 742.90 | 2793.33 ± 833.42 | 2868.57 ± 900.95 | 0.932 |
Carbohydrate (gr/1000Kcal) | 134.62 ± 21.85b | 135.13 ± 16.88b | 135.69 ± 16.73b | 142.83 ± 15.82a | < 0.001 |
Protein (gr/1000Kcal) | 32.74 ± 6.21b | 33.79 ± 5.08b | 34.32 ± 4.56 | 35.56 ± 5.91a | < 0.001 |
Fat (gr/1000Kcal) | 39.09 ± 10.66b | 38.15 ± 7.93b | 36.15 ± 7.58b | 34.98 ± 7.05a | < 0.001 |
Cholesterol (mg/100Kcal) | 86.20 ± 55.66 | 92.35 ± 39.24 | 91.64 ± 38.68 | 87.29 ± 46.17 | 0.865 |
Saturated fatty acid (gr/1000Kcal) | 11.51 ± 3.82b | 11.74 ± 3.47 b | 11.28 ± 3.06 | 10.38 ± 2.85a | < 0.001 |
MUFA (gr/1000Kcal) | 13.08 ± 4.36b | 12.13 ± 3.15 | 12.06 ± 3.08 | 11.23 ± 2.82a | < 0.001 |
PUFA (gr/1000Kcal) | 8.98 ± 3.97b | 8.20 ± 2.78 | 8.42 ± 2.73 | 7.91 ± 2.92 a | 0.004 |
Calcium (mg/1000Kcal) | 414.77 ± 150.29 | 438.53 ± 134.59 | 439.96 ± 129.99 | 412.06 ± 120.88 | 0.880 |
Iron (mg/1000Kcal) | 7.29 ± 1.70b | 7.12 ± 1.34b | 7.17 ± 1.21b | 7.94 ± 1.43a | < 0.001 |
Magnesium (mg/1000Kcal) | 174.79 ± 45.60b | 171.18 ± 35.40b | 181.52 ± 33.56b | 206.96 ± 34.39a | < 0.001 |
Thiamine (mg/1000Kcal) | 0.89 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.16 | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.005 |
Riboflavin (mg/1000Kcal) | 0.81 ± 0.33 | 0.83 ± 0.19 | 0.83 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.19 | 0.782 |
Niacin (mg/1000Kcal) | 9.30 ± 2.24 | 9.05 ± 1.90 | 8.65 ± 1.82 | 9.18 ± 2.05 | 0.242 |
Vitamin B6 (mg/1000Kcal) | 0.68 ± 0.13b | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.71 ± 0.11 | 0.74 ± 0.14a | < 0.001 |
Folate (µg/1000Kcal) | 214.74 ± 45.11b | 228.88 ± 44.22 | 229.98 ± 44.52 | 239.69 ± 58.66a | < 0.001 |
Vitamin B12 (µg/1000Kcal) | 1.75 ± 4.45 | 1.58 ± 0.71 | 1.57 ± 0.67 | 1.44 ± 0.77 | 0.221 |
Vitamin C (mg/1000Kcal) | 24.89 ± 11.32b | 33.48 ± 15.09b | 41.33 ± 19.83 | 42.86 ± 27.21a | < 0.001 |
Vitamin A (IU/1000Kcal) | 209.25 ± 438.47 | 216.99 ± 98.04 | 231.29 ± 100.13 | 239.44 ± 138.68 | 0.188 |
Fruits (gr/1000 kcal) | 48.90 ± 29.42b | 79.24 ± 43.83b | 105.45 ± 70.05 | 113.86 ± 97.87a | < 0.001 |
Vegetables (gr/1000 kcal) | 65.98 ± 45.88b | 83.30 ± 48.62b | 98.70 ± 53.53 | 110.56 ± 80.14a | < 0.001 |
Legumes (gr/1000 kcal) | 15.59 ± 9.77b | 24.86 ± 15.80b | 29.59 ± 16.08 | 33.57 ± 27.96a | < 0.001 |
Nuts and seeds (gr/1000 kcal) | 2.00 ± 1.88b | 3.83 ± 3.65b | 6.72 ± 6.43b | 10.44 ± 15.04a | < 0.001 |
Whole grains (gr/1000 kcal) | 3.69 ± 5.02b | 8.91 ± 10.70b | 13.80 ± 17.02b | 57.36 ± 52.62a | < 0.001 |