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Table 2 Dietary intakes of study participants by quartiles of DPI

From: The association between dietary phytochemical index with depression and quality of life in iranian adolescent girls

Variables

Q1

(N = 183)

Q2

(N = 183)

Q3

(N = 184)

Q4

(N = 183)

P trend **

Energy (kcal)*

2751.25 ± 835.61

2619.72 ± 742.90

2793.33 ± 833.42

2868.57 ± 900.95

0.932

Carbohydrate (gr/1000Kcal)

134.62 ± 21.85b

135.13 ± 16.88b

135.69 ± 16.73b

142.83 ± 15.82a

< 0.001

Protein (gr/1000Kcal)

32.74 ± 6.21b

33.79 ± 5.08b

34.32 ± 4.56

35.56 ± 5.91a

< 0.001

Fat (gr/1000Kcal)

39.09 ± 10.66b

38.15 ± 7.93b

36.15 ± 7.58b

34.98 ± 7.05a

< 0.001

Cholesterol (mg/100Kcal)

86.20 ± 55.66

92.35 ± 39.24

91.64 ± 38.68

87.29 ± 46.17

0.865

Saturated fatty acid (gr/1000Kcal)

11.51 ± 3.82b

11.74 ± 3.47 b

11.28 ± 3.06

10.38 ± 2.85a

< 0.001

MUFA (gr/1000Kcal)

13.08 ± 4.36b

12.13 ± 3.15

12.06 ± 3.08

11.23 ± 2.82a

< 0.001

PUFA (gr/1000Kcal)

8.98 ± 3.97b

8.20 ± 2.78

8.42 ± 2.73

7.91 ± 2.92 a

0.004

Calcium (mg/1000Kcal)

414.77 ± 150.29

438.53 ± 134.59

439.96 ± 129.99

412.06 ± 120.88

0.880

Iron (mg/1000Kcal)

7.29 ± 1.70b

7.12 ± 1.34b

7.17 ± 1.21b

7.94 ± 1.43a

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/1000Kcal)

174.79 ± 45.60b

171.18 ± 35.40b

181.52 ± 33.56b

206.96 ± 34.39a

< 0.001

Thiamine (mg/1000Kcal)

0.89 ± 0.21

0.84 ± 0.16

0.80 ± 0.15

0.85 ± 0.19

0.005

Riboflavin (mg/1000Kcal)

0.81 ± 0.33

0.83 ± 0.19

0.83 ± 0.19

0.81 ± 0.19

0.782

Niacin (mg/1000Kcal)

9.30 ± 2.24

9.05 ± 1.90

8.65 ± 1.82

9.18 ± 2.05

0.242

Vitamin B6 (mg/1000Kcal)

0.68 ± 0.13b

0.70 ± 0.11

0.71 ± 0.11

0.74 ± 0.14a

< 0.001

Folate (µg/1000Kcal)

214.74 ± 45.11b

228.88 ± 44.22

229.98 ± 44.52

239.69 ± 58.66a

< 0.001

Vitamin B12 (µg/1000Kcal)

1.75 ± 4.45

1.58 ± 0.71

1.57 ± 0.67

1.44 ± 0.77

0.221

Vitamin C (mg/1000Kcal)

24.89 ± 11.32b

33.48 ± 15.09b

41.33 ± 19.83

42.86 ± 27.21a

< 0.001

Vitamin A (IU/1000Kcal)

209.25 ± 438.47

216.99 ± 98.04

231.29 ± 100.13

239.44 ± 138.68

0.188

Fruits (gr/1000 kcal)

48.90 ± 29.42b

79.24 ± 43.83b

105.45 ± 70.05

113.86 ± 97.87a

< 0.001

Vegetables (gr/1000 kcal)

65.98 ± 45.88b

83.30 ± 48.62b

98.70 ± 53.53

110.56 ± 80.14a

< 0.001

Legumes (gr/1000 kcal)

15.59 ± 9.77b

24.86 ± 15.80b

29.59 ± 16.08

33.57 ± 27.96a

< 0.001

Nuts and seeds (gr/1000 kcal)

2.00 ± 1.88b

3.83 ± 3.65b

6.72 ± 6.43b

10.44 ± 15.04a

< 0.001

Whole grains (gr/1000 kcal)

3.69 ± 5.02b

8.91 ± 10.70b

13.80 ± 17.02b

57.36 ± 52.62a

< 0.001

  1. *Values are means ± SDs and adjusted for energy intake,** Obtained from one-way ANOVA; DPI: dietary phytochemical index. MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid. PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid. a: last quartile is considered as reference quartile, b: Significant difference between quartile with reference quartile (P value < 0.05).