Table 3 Gut microbial composition of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN)
From: Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa
Characteristics of AN participants | Methods | Main findings | 1Country | 2Year | 3Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AN (n = 9, age 19–36 years, 4BMI 12.73 ± 1.6) | 5PCR | Methanobrevibacter smithii concentration was higher in AN patients than in lean control. | France | 2009 | [45] |
AN (n = 14, age 27.3 ± 10.8, BMI median 13.5) | PCR | Firmicutes, Bacteridetes, Methanobrevibacter smithii, and E. coli were found in 98.5, 67, 64 and 51% of the participants, respectively. | France | 2013 | [52] |
AN (n = 16, Age 28 ± 11.7 years, BMI 16.2 ± 1.5) | 616S rseq | Alpha diversity was lower in AN patients than in healthy controls. At genus level, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium were reduced versus a healthy comparison group. | USA | 2015 | [46] |
7ANR (n = 14, Age 28.1 ± 10.7 years, BMI 12.7 ± 1.5), 8ANBP (n = 11, Age 32.5 ± 9.4 years, BMI 13 ± 1.2) | PCR | Amounts of Clostridium coccoides group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis and Streptococcus were lower in AN patients than in healthy controls. | Japan | 2015 | [48] |
AN (n = 55, Age 23.8 ± 6.8 years, BMI 15.3 ± 1.4) | 16S rseq | The ratio of mucin-degrading bacteria to Clostridium cluster I, XI, and XVIII was increased, while the butyric acid-producing genus Roseburia was decreased, relative to controls. | Germany | 2016 | [47] |
AN (n = 15, BMI 13.9 ± 2.1) | 16S rseq | Enterobacteriaceae and Methanobrevibacter smithii levels were increased compared with healthy controls; while, the genera Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Clostridium, were depleted. | Italy | 2017 | [53] |
AN (n = 18, Age 22.4 ± 3.2 years, BMI 15.3 ± 1.3) | 16S rseq | Only Coriobacteriaceaeone levels were significantly enriched in AN compared to other groups. | Austria | 2017 | [54] |
AN (n = 17, Age 21.8 ± 3.6 years, BMI 15.2 ± 1.3) | 16S rseq | Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium were increased in a low-zonulin population. No specific comments about AN. | Austria | 2018 | [55] |
AN (n = 33, Age: 32 ± 12, BMI 11.7 ± 1.5) | 16S rseq | Klebsiella and Salmonella levels were more abundant in AN patients whereas Eubacterium and Roseburia were significantly less abundant in patients than controls. | France | 2019 | [56] |
ANR (n = 10, Age 25 ± 2.8 years, BMI 13.3 ± 0.3) | 16S rseq | A lower relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes was observed in AN in comparison to age-matched healthy women. | Japan | 2019 | [51] |