Table 6 Adverse events experienced by participants with chronic diseases during yoga practice
Systems | Symptoms | Hypertension | Low back pain | Depression | Autonomic dysfunction | Climacteric disorder | Cancer | Bronchial asthma | Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First | Last | First | Last | First | Last | First | Last | First | Last | First | Last | First | Last | First | Last | ||
Eyes and ears | Blackout | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Pruritus of the eye | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Tinnitus | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Respiratory | Coughing | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Congested nose | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Runny nose | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Sputum production | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Cardiovascular | Chest pain | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Palpitation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breathlessness | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Gastrointestinal | Nausea | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Epigastric & abdominal pain | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diarrhea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Musculoskeletal | Joint pain | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Muscular pain | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Skin | Flushing of the face | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Excessive perspiration | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Pruritus of the skin | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Neurological | Headache | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Heaviness of the head | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Feeling of hot and cold | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Faintness (daze) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Numbness of a certain body part | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Twitching in a certain body part | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dizziness | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Fatigue | Feeling of exhaustion | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Feeling sick | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Psychological | Tension | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Confusion | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Gloominess | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Urge to cry | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Anxiety | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Irritation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Shaking of the body | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Recollection of bad experience | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Scary thoughts | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Frightened feeling | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Heightened emotion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
The number of attendees who had some the above symptoms (%) | 16 (34.0) | 18 (38.3) | 11 (39.3) | 8 (28.6) | 10 (71.4) | 5 (35.7) | 10 (76.9) | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | 3 (23.1) | 4 (40.0) | 5 (50.0) | 2 (22.2) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (50.0) | 1 (16.7) | |
The number of valid responses | 47 | 28 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 9 | 6 | |||||||||