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Table 5 Adverse events experienced by participants during yoga practice

From: Health-related benefits and adverse events associated with yoga classes among participants that are healthy, in poor health, or with chronic diseases

 

Group

H

PH

CD

Systems

Symptoms

First

Last

First

Last

First

Last

Eyes and ears

Blackout

0

0

0

3

2

1

Pruritus of the eye

2

0

1

1

1

2

Tinnitus

1

1

2

1

2

2

Respiratory

Coughing

2

1

3

2

6

8

Congested nose

1

1

2

3

3

2

Runny nose

1

3

0

3

6

2

Sputum production

2

0

2

2

0

3

Cardiovascular

Chest pain

0

0

0

0

1

0

Palpitation

2

0

1

3

3

1

Breathlessness

0

0

0

1

3

1

Gastrointestinal

Nausea

1

2

0

0

2

0

Epigastric and abdominal pain

0

0

2

1

2

3

Diarrhea

0

0

0

0

1

0

Musculoskeletal

Joint pain

2

1

7

3

8

11

Muscular pain

3

0

5

8

9

17

Skin

Flushing of the face

3

1

2

0

3

3

Excessive perspiration

0

0

2

1

3

1

Pruritus of the skin

0

0

0

0

2

2

Neurological

Headache

1

2

5

2

2

4

Heaviness of the head

0

2

1

3

2

0

Feeling hot and cold

0

0

4

2

10

2

Faintness (daze)

4

3

7

4

9

8

Numbness of a certain body part

0

0

5

2

2

1

Twitching in a certain body part

1

2

6

2

5

4

Dizziness

2

4

6

5

14

5

Fatigue

Feeling of exhaustion

1

1

3

2

5

3

Feeling sick

0

1

0

1

1

0

Psychological

Tension

0

0

0

0

4

3

Confusion

0

0

1

0

2

2

Urge to cry

0

0

0

0

1

0

Anxiety

0

0

2

1

2

0

Irritation

0

0

0

0

1

0

Shaking of the body

0

1

0

0

1

0

Recollection of bad experiences

0

0

1

1

4

2

The number experiencing a symptom (%)

20 (28.6)

16 (22.9)

39 (33.3)

31 (26.5)

58 (41.1)

51 (36.2)

The number of valid responses

70

117

141

  1. H healthy participants (n=70), PH participants in poor health (n=117), CD participants with chronic diseases (n=141). Data from participants that had missing values were excluded from analysis. First the first yoga class, Last the last yoga class. Symptoms reported by more than 5.0% of participants in each group are shown in bold (First vs Last, paired t-test)