Health-related benefits and adverse events associated with yoga classes among participants that are healthy, in poor health, or with chronic diseases

Table 3 Effects of yoga on health-related quality of life as assessed by the SF-8^TM

Group	H					PH					CD
Subscale	First	Last	UPV	FPV	d	First	Last	UPV	FPV	d	First	Last	UPV	FPV	d
PF	50.6±5.2	50.2±4.4	0.541	0.601	0.08	46.2±8.4	48.9±6.0	0.004	0.007	0.38	43.3±8.8	45.8±8.5	0.005	0.009	0.29
RP	49.7±6.0	49.6±5.3	0.883	0.883	0.02	44.7±8.2	46.8±6.6	0.017	0.026	0.29	43.3±8.4	46.0±8.1	0.001	0.003	0.32
BP	51.2±7.5	51.7±6.9	0.604	0.647	0.08	43.6±7.8	47.5±7.2	<0.001	<0.001	0.51	43.9±8.3	46.6±8.8	<0.001	0.002	0.32
GH	50.3±4.9	52.0±6.0	0.027	0.037	0.32	44.4±8.0	47.8±6.9	<0.001	0.002	0.45	43.3±7.6	47.4±7.4	<0.001	<0.001	0.53
PCS	50.1±5.6	49.8±5.4	0.675	0.699	0.05	44.3±7.8	47.0±6.5	0.003	0.006	0.38	42.1±7.8	44.9±8.1	<0.001	0.002	0.34
VT	49.4±6.0	50.6±5.5	0.095	0.114	0.21	45.4±6.5	48.7±6.0	<0.001	<0.001	0.54	45.1±6.1	47.4±6.5	0.001	0.002	0.36
SF	49.1±8.2	51.0±6.9	0.081	0.101	0.25	44.4±8.7	46.9±7.9	0.002	0.004	0.31	44.5±9.6	46.5±8.6	0.045	0.058	0.22
RE	48.6±5.6	49.7±5.4	0.198	0.228	0.19	45.0±7.0	47.4±6.2	0.001	0.002	0.35	45.2±8.0	47.4±6.9	0.003	0.006	0.30
MH	48.3±6.1	50.4±5.7	0.021	0.029	0.34	43.3±8.4	47.1±7.8	<0.001	<0.001	0.47	44.3±8.6	47.4±7.8	<0.001	<0.001	0.39
MCS	47.2±6.8	49.5±6.3	0.011	0.018	0.35	43.9±8.8	46.7±7.8	<0.001	0.002	0.34	45.2±9.0	47.4±7.8	0.004	0.008	0.27

Values are the mean ± standard deviation. H: healthy participants (n=69); PH participants in poor health (n=117), CD participants with chronic diseases (n=139). Data from participants that had missing values were excluded from analysis. First the first yoga class, Last the last yoga class, PF physical function, RP role physical, BP bodily pain, GH general health perception, VT vitality, SF social functioning, RE role emotional, MH mental health, PCS physical component summary, MCS mental component summary, UPV Unadjusted P values, FPV FDR-adjusted P values for multiple comparisons (First vs Last, paired t-test), d effect size between Pre and Post (Cohen’s d)

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