Table 4 Effect of changes in physical activity on optimal well-being
A. Effect of changes in physical activity (over 30 min of intensive exercise more than twice/week) on WHO-5 scores in 2017 | |||||
WHO-5 scores (raw score) | n | Mean | SD | p | |
Maintaining bad habits | 1340 | 12.24 | 4.93 | ||
Worsening | 77 | 13.38 | 5.09 | ||
Improving | 126 | 13.57 | 5.04 | p < 0.05 | |
Maintaining good habits | 239 | 14.62 | 4.85 | p < 0.01 | |
vs maintaining bad habits | |||||
B. Association between optimal well-being and changes in physical activity (over 30 min of intensive exercise more than twice/week) | |||||
No. of participants with optimal WB/No. of participants | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
Maintaining bad habits | 329/1340 | 1 | 1 | ||
Worsening | 27/77 | 1.56 | 0.96–2.55 | 1.31 | 0.77–2.22 |
Improving | 36/126 | 1.18 | 0.78–1.78 | 1.00 | 0.64–1.55 |
Maintaining good habits | 101/239 | 2.05 | 1.53–2.75 | 1.71 | 1.24–2.36 |
C. Effect of changes in physical activity (over one-hour walking/day) on WHO-5 scores in 2017 | |||||
WHO-5 scores (raw score) | n | Mean | SD | p | |
Maintaining bad habits | 772 | 12.28 | 4.91 | ||
Worsening | 230 | 12.77 | 5.11 | ||
Improving | 231 | 12.76 | 5.06 | ||
Maintaining good habits | 546 | 13.27 | 5.01 | p < 0.05 | |
vs maintaining bad habits | |||||
D. Association between optimal well-being and changes in physical activity (over one-hour walking/day) | |||||
Characteristic | No. of participants with optimal WB/No. of participants | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
Maintaining bad habits | 183/772 | 1 | 1 | ||
Worsening | 68/230 | 1.44 | 1.03–2.01 | 1.45 | 1.01–2.08 |
Improving | 68/231 | 1.39 | 1.00–1.94 | 1.31 | 0.91–1.87 |
Maintaining good habits | 174/546 | 1.53 | 1.19–1.96 | 1.46 | 1.12–1.91 |