Table 1 Results of the differences between WHO-5 raw scores for each lifestyle behaviour
Lifestyle behaviours | n | WHO-5 | score | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | |||
Length of lunch time | ||||
< 10 min | 426 | 11.96 | 4.90 | |
10–20 min | 1527 | 12.80 | 4.90 | < 0.01 |
> 20 minutes | 323 | 13.24 | 5.31 | < 0.01 |
vs < 10 min | ||||
Salty food preference | ||||
More preferred | 193 | 11.75 | 4.93 | |
Moderate | 1694 | 12.55 | 4.90 | |
Less preferred | 395 | 13.89 | 5.09 | < 0.01 |
vs more preferred and moderate | ||||
Eating vegetables | ||||
With every meal | 916 | 13.91 | 5.01 | < 0.01 |
Once/day | 1286 | 11.98 | 4.75 | |
Never | 70 | 10.63 | 5.23 | |
vs once/day and never | ||||
Subjective eating speed | ||||
Quick | 810 | 12.73 | 5.06 | |
Moderate | 1287 | 12.77 | 4.91 | |
Slow | 195 | 12.31 | 5.00 | Ns |
Dinner within 2 hours before sleep | ||||
Yes | 606 | 12.02 | 4.83 | |
No | 1687 | 12.96 | 5.00 | < 0.01 |
vs Yes | ||||
Snacking after dinner over 3 times/week | ||||
Yes | 657 | 12.10 | 4.83 | |
No | 1638 | 12.97 | 5.01 | < 0.01 |
vs Yes | ||||
Skipping breakfast over 3 days/week | ||||
Yes | 342 | 11.58 | 5.23 | |
No | 1953 | 12.92 | 4.90 | < 0.01 |
vs Yes | ||||
Over 30 min of intensive exercise more than twice per week | ||||
Yes | 442 | 14.47 | 4.83 | < 0.01 |
No | 1851 | 12.29 | 4.91 | |
vs No | ||||
Over one-hour walking/day | ||||
Yes | 1002 | 13.09 | 4.95 | < 0.01 |
No | 1287 | 12.42 | 4.97 | |
vs No | ||||
Current smoking status | ||||
No | 1950 | 12.88 | 4.87 | < 0.01 |
Yes | 345 | 11.77 | 5.40 | |
vs Yes | ||||
Alcohol consumption (ethanol conversion [g]/day) | ||||
< 22 | 1623 | 12.68 | 4.92 | |
22-43 | 417 | 12.79 | 5.07 | |
44-65 | 181 | 13.09 | 5.33 | |
> 66 | 66 | 12.11 | 4.55 | Ns |