Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
| Â | n | Total study cohort | Patients with galectin-3 below the median split | Patients with galectin-3 above the median split | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data | |||||
 Age (years) | 1260 | 66.7 ± 8.0 | 66.2 | 67.2 | 0.028 |
 Married (%) | 1207 | 66.9 | 66.1 | 67.7 | 0.563 |
 Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 1255 | 29.2 ± 4.9 | 29.3 ± 4.8 | 29.2 ± 5.0 | 0.661 |
 Heart rate (beats/min) | 1253 | 70.2 ± 12.0 | 70.6 ± 12.5 | 69.7 ± 11.6 | 0.157 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1257 | 149.4 ± 21.3 | 149.1 ± 20.9 | 149.7 ± 21.8 | 0.650 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1257 | 84.1 ± 11.9 | 84.4 ± 11.8 | 83.9 ± 12.0 | 0.408 |
 6-min walking distance (m) | 1160 | 506.9 ± 111.5 | 509.1 ± 113.0 | 504.7 ± 110.1 | 0.502 |
 Hypertension (%) | 1260 | 88.7 | 89.0 | 88.3 | 0.672 |
 Hyperlipidemia (%) | 1260 | 45.1 | 44.8 | 45.3 | 0.871 |
 Diabetes mellitus (%) | 1260 | 28.3 | 29.3 | 27.4 | 0.470 |
 Coronary heart disease (%) | 1260 | 21.0 | 19.6 | 22.3 | 0.224 |
 Previous myocardial infarction (%) | 1260 | 10.3 | 8.6 | 12.0 | 0.044 |
 Sleep apnea (%) | 1260 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 0.166 |
 Current smokers (%) | 1259 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 0.884 |
 LVEF (%) | 1249 | 60.0 ± 8.1 | 59.9 ± 8.1 | 60.2 ± 8.1 | 0.537 |
 ASE grade | 1173 | 1.07 ± 0.65 | 1.1 ± 0.66 | 1.03 ± 0.63 | 0.001 |
Neurohumoral parameters | |||||
 Galectin-3 (ng/mL) | 1260 | 11.7a (9.9;14.1)b | 9.9a (8.7;10.7)b | 14.1a (12.8;16.3)b | < 0.001 |
 CT-proAVP (pmol/L) | 1220 | 4.1a (2.6;7.6)b | 4.1a (2.6;7.8)b | 4.2a (2.6;7.5)b | 0.757 |
 NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1160 | 101.4a (52.5;193.1)b | 78.6a (43.3;151.9)b | 125.6a (65.1;256.1)b | < 0.001 |
 MR-proANP (pmol/L) | 1219 | 91.9a (64.4;135.1)b | 87.5a (61.4;128.8)b | 96.3a (67.0;143.4)b | 0.228 |
Psychometric variables | |||||
 HADS Anxiety | 1230 | 5.1 ± 3.7 | 5.4 ± 3.9 | 4.8 ± 3.5 | 0.005 |
 SF-36 Physical functioning | 1237 | 72.0 ± 25.0 | 72.9 ± 25.1 | 71.0 ± 24.9 | 0.173 |
Medication use | |||||
 ACE inhibitor (%) | 1239 | 45.0 | 44.2 | 45.8 | 0.570 |
 AT1 receptor antagonist (%) | 1239 | 19.0 | 20.3 | 17.8 | 0.256 |
 Beta-blocker (%) | 1239 | 50.0 | 54.0 | 46.0 | 0.005 |
 Diuretics (%) | 1239 | 49.7 | 51.4 | 48.1 | 0.245 |
 Statins (%) | 1239 | 31.7 | 31.7 | 31.7 | 0.993 |
 ASS (%) | 1239 | 35.6 | 36.7 | 34.5 | 0.399 |
 Insulin and/or oral antidiabetics (%) | 1239 | 21.1 | 20.7 | 21.6 | 0.671 |