Table 2 Practitioner and training methods in treatment studies
From: Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosomatic problems in dental settings
Authors | Year | Number of participants | Practitioner of CBT | Training for practitioner | Number of sessions | Treatment contents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMD (Roldan-Barraza et al., 2014) [5] | ||||||
 Dworkin et al. [49] | 1994 | 139 | psychologist/dentist | trained in the use of materials and methods and with pilot treatment session | 2 sessions | psychoeducation, self-monitoring, stress-coping, PMR |
 Dworkin et al. [50] | 2002 | 117 | clinical psychologist experienced in the use of CBT methods with chronic pain | followed a written manual for each session | 6 sessions | psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, relaxation, coping |
 Dworkin et al. [14] | 2002 | 124 | hygienist | 8 h training | 3 sessions | psychoeducation, relaxation, stress management, self-monitoring |
 Ferrando et al. [51] | 2012 | 59 | psychologist with 2 years of clinical training | protocol was standardized | 6 sessions | psychoeducation, distraction, hypnosis, cognitive restructuring, assertiveness training |
 Litt et al. [52] | 2010 | 101 | master’ level therapists with at least 2 years of experience in CBT | protocol was standardized and all sessions were audiotaped and evaluated. | 6 sessions | relaxation, stress management, cognitive restructuring |
 Turner et al. [53] | 2006 | 158 | licensed clinical psychologists | trained and supervised in the protocol | 4 sessions | cognitive restructuring, PMR, abdominal breathing, fear-avoidance discussion |
Dental Anxiety (Wide Boman et al., 2013) [9] | ||||||
 Berggren & Linde [54] | 1984 | 99 | - | - | 5 sessions | systematic desensitization with biofeedback |
 Moses & Hollandsworth [55] | 1985 | 24 | predoctoral intern in clinical psychology | training in stress inoculation from senior author | 1 sessions | stress inoculation training |
 Gatchel [27] | 1986 | 40 | videotaped program | - | 1 sessions | systematic desensitization and coping skills training |
 Getka & Glass [56] | 1992 | 41 | graduate students in health psychology | 10 h training with detailed manuals | 6 sessions | modeling and systematic desensitization with audiotaped relaxation Stress inoculation training |
 de Jongh et al.[57] | 1995 | 29 | psychologist/dentist | - | 1 sessions | cognitive restructuring |
 Willumsen et al.[22] | 2001 | 62 | dentist | 5 patients were treated and video recordings of sessions were used for supervision | 10 sessions | cognitive restructuring and exposure Applied relaxation |
 Haukebø et al.[21] | 2008 | 40 | dentist specially trained in CBT for dental anxiety | - | 1 session vs 5 sessions | exposure and behavioral experiments |