Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosomatic problems in dental settings

Table 1 Results of meta-analyses of dental complaints

Authors	Year	Number of studies	Treatment content	Comparison for meta-analysis	Effect size^a
Authors	Year	Number of studies	Treatment content	Comparison for meta-analysis	Short term		Long term
TMD					pain	clinical exam^b	pain	clinical exam
Crider and Glaros [6]	1999	13	EMG biofeedback	control (psychological placebo or no treatment)	0.47	0.26	-	-
Roldan-Barraza et al.[5]	2014	12	cognitive behavioral therapy	control (usual treatment)	0.07	-	0.66	-
Dental Anxiety					self-reported anxiety	dental attendance	self-reported anxiety	dental attendance
Kvale et al.[8]	2004	38	cognitive behavioral therapy	control (anesthesia/sedation or no treatment)	1.78	1.4	-	1.17
Wide Boman et al.[9]	2013	10	cognitive behavioral therapy	control (anesthesia/sedation)	2.02	-	2.25	-
Wide Boman et al.[9]	2013	10	cognitive behavioral therapy	control (no treatment)	3.26	-	-	-

^aThe effect sizes were reported in each articles and were calculated by subtracting the mean of the control group from the mean of the treatment group at post-treatment and dividing by the pooled standard deviation of the two groups. An effect size of 0.2 represents a small effect, 0.5 a moderate effect, and 0.8 a large effect (Cohen, 1988) [48]
^bClinical exam is the measures derived from an examination of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. This category could include single measures of muscle palpation pain as well as combined measures of palpation pain and additional observations such as temporomandibular joint function, temporomandibular joint pain, and mandibular mobility

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