Table 1 Background characteristics of the participants

Age, y

49.5 ± 5.1

50.0 ± 5.0

0.637^a

Menopausal status, %

 Premenopausal

42.4

38.9

0.771^b

 Perimenopausal

22.0

22.2

 Postmenopausal

25.4

33.3

 Surgically induced menopause

10.2

5.6

Body composition

 Height, cm

156.4 ± 5.3

157.2 ± 4.6

0.434^a

 Weight, kg

53.5 ± 6.5

51.0 ± 8.3

0.111^a

 Body mass index, kg/cm²

21.9 ± 2.5

20.6 ± 3.4

0.048^a

 Body fat mass, kg

15.1 ± 4.8

12.9 ± 6.3

0.062^a

 Muscle mass, kg

36.2 ± 2.5

35.9 ± 2.7

0.630^a

 Waist:hip ratio, %

85.6 ± 6.9

85.1 ± 8.4

0.760^a

 Body temperature, °C

36.2 ± 0.5

36.4 ± 0.4

0.123^a

Cardiovascular parameters

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

122.5 ± 14.6

119.4 ± 15.5

0.317^a

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78.6 ± 10.3

76.9 ± 10.3

0.433^a

 Heart rate, beats/min

63.3 ± 7.5

64.9 ± 9.8

0.382^a

 CAVI

7.16 ± 0.68

7.29 ± 0.83

0.405^a

 MHR-QOL physical symptom score

5.58 ± 3.41

5.81 ± 3.85

0.865^c

 MHR-QOL psychological symptom score

4.63 ± 4.71

8.17 ± 8.85

0.054^c

 HADS-anxiety subscale score

4.86 ± 2.62

6.03 ± 3.36

0.100^c

 HADS-depression subscale score

3.48 ± 2.30

5.25 ± 3.63

0.018^c

 AIS score

4.09 ± 2.99

3.75 ± 3.11

0.524^c

Lifestyle factors, %

 Working

89.8

83.3

0.362^c

 Exercising regularly

45.8

47.2

1.000^c

 Smoking

8.5

16.7

0.322^c

 Drinking alcohol (daily/by chance/not at all)

11.9/57.6/30.5

22.2/61.1/16.7

0.196^c