Fig. 1

Depressive symptoms assessed by the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression (GDS) Scale according to marital status and gender. Analyzed subjects are GDS scores ≤ 10 and independence in ADL. Comparisons of GDS scores were made between married subjects and those in other marital status by gender. All comparisons were controlled for age, socioeconomic status (equivalent income and years of schooling), living status, and comorbidity of serious diseases by linear analysis models. Solid lines indicate significant differences among male strata; dotted lines those among female strata