From: Parental stress and the onset and course of childhood asthma
Author, year | Caregiver | Â | Children | F/U Period | Results | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Attribute | Stress and relevant factors |  | Attribute | N | Age, baseline | Outcomes | ||
Onset of disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Wright, 2002 | Caregivers | Perceived stress |  | Predisposed | 496 | 2 to 3 m | Wheezing | 1y | Positive assoc. b/w caretakers’ perceived stress and child's wheezing occurrence |
Milam, 2008 | Parent | Perceived stress | Â | Healthy | 2888 | 5 to 6 y | Wheezing | 1y | Positive assoc. b/w parental stress and child's wheezing incidence, in parents with asthma or in boys |
Wood, 2011 | Mother | Pregnancy anxiety, postnatal depression, perceived stress, difficult life circumstances | Â | Predisposed | 560 | Pre-born | Wheezing | 1y (2nd/3rd trimester to age 1y) | Positive assoc. b/w mother's stress/depression and multiple wheezing |
Reyes, 2011 | Mother | Prenatal/postnatal demoralization | Â | African Americans/Hispanics | 279 | Pre-born | Wheezing | 5y (3rd trimester to age 5y) | Positive assoc. b/w mother's prenatal demoralization with wheezing |
Guxens, 2014 | Mother and Father | Psychological distress, depression, anxiety | Â | General population | 4848 | Pre-born | Wheezing, age 1 to 4y; asthma diagnosis, age 6y | 6y (2nd trimester to age 6y) | Positive assoc. b/w mother's prenatal distress/depression/anxiety and child's wheezing/asthma |
Course of disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Weil, 1999 | Parent | Mental health, life stress, social support, parenting style | Â | Patients with asthma | 1528 | 4 to 9 y | Asthma symptoms, wheezing, hospitalization | 9Â m | Positive assoc. b/w mental health and hospitalization |
Bartlett, 2004 | Mother | Depression | Â | Patients with asthma | 158 | 8y in average | Asthma morbidity, ED visits | 6Â m | No assoc. b/w mother's depression and morbidity; Some assoc. b/w mother's depression and a constellation of beliefs and attitudes that may influence adherence |
Nagano, 2010 | Mother | Behavioral pattern associated with chronic stress, parenting style | Â | Patients with asthma | 223 | 2 to 12 y | Asthma symptoms (severity) | 1y | <7y: positive assoc. b/w chronic irritation/emotional suppression and asthma severity; no assoc. with parenting style. 7+ y: positive assoc. b/w over interference and asthma severity; negative assoc. with egocentric behavior. |
Lange, 2011 | Mother and Father | Fathers: PTSD, depression, antisocial behaviour Mothers: depression | Â | Puerto Rican twins and their parents | 339 pairs | 1 y | Asthma symptoms, oral steroid use, hospitalization | 2y | Positive assoc. b/w paternal depression and oral steroid use, maternal depression and hospitalization |