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Table 1 Summary of clinical and demographic variables of diabetes patients (n = 338)

From: Development of a novel, short, self-completed questionnaire on empowerment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and an analysis of factors affecting patient empowerment

 

Male (n = 162)

Female (n = 176)

P-value

Age (years)

64.09 ± 10.76

63.02 ± 11.20

n.s.

 ≤ 50

19

21

 

 50 – 59

37

37

 

 60 – 69

57

69

 

 70 – 79

38

40

 

 ≥ 80

11

9

 

Disease duration (years)

12.92 ± 9.59

12.71 ± 10.01

n.s.

BMI

24.01 ± 4.89

24.64 ± 4.79

n.s.

Living together with (includes multiple answers)

   

 Spouse

266 (78.7%)

 

 Sibling(s)

8 (2.4%)

 

 Children

50 (14.9%)

 

 Father/Mother

10 (3.0%)

 

 Other

4 (1.1%)

 

Treatment method (includes multiple answers)

   

 Diet

184 (54.4%)

 

 Exercise

102 (30.2%)

 

 Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

208 (61.5%)

 

 Insulin

156 (46.2%)

 

 Oral + Insulin

39 (11.5%)

 

HbA1c

7.29 ± 1.08

7.56 ± 1.19

0.0158#

  1. Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD.
  2. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t-test.
  3. Nonparametric data (HbA1c) were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test.
  4. #: A small sized effect was found d = 0.24.