Table 2 Self-reported happiness as a predictor of mortality, Thai Cohort Study 2009-2012
From: Unhappiness and mortality: evidence from a middle-income Southeast Asian setting
Cohort attributes | Multivariate adjusted odds ratio* [95% confidence interval] of mortality predictor |
|---|---|
Self-reported happiness** | |
All of the time | Reference |
Most of the time | 1.66 [0.88-3.11] |
Some of the time | 1.69 [0.88-3.23] |
Little of the time | 2.60 [1.17-5.80]*** |
Sociodemographic attributes | |
Age-sex groups: | |
Males <40 years | Reference |
Females <40 years | 0.66 [0.43-0.99]*** |
Males ≥40 years | 1.34 [0.78-2.31] |
Females ≥40 years | 0.57 [0.21-0.74]*** |
Marital status: | |
Married | Reference |
Not married | 1.67 [1.17-2.39] *** |
Divorced/widowed | 0.99 [0.24-4.16] |
Household monthly income (Baht): | |
≤10000 | 1.19 [0.41-3.50] |
10001-20000 | 1.45 [0.71-2.98] |
20001-30000 | 1.44 [0.84-2.49] |
>30000 | Reference |
Residence: | |
Rural | Reference |
Urban | 0.89 [0.66-1.20] |
Paid work: | |
≤10 hours per week | Reference |
10-40 hours per week | 0.83 [0.51-1.35] |
>40 hours per week | 0.74 [0.34-1.61] |
Health-risk attributes | |
Smoking: | |
Never | Reference |
Current | 2.45 [1.61-3.74]*** |
Former | 1.09 [0.71-1.66] |
Alcohol drinking: | |
None per week | |
1-2 sessions per week | 0.72 [0.43-1.20] |
3+ sessions per week | 1.27 [0.42-3.90] |
Physical activities: | |
None per week | Reference |
1-2 times per week | 0.68 [0.45-1.03] |
3-5 times per week | 0.96 [0.65-1.44] |
>5 times per week | 0.72 [0.39-1.32] |
Health and social attributes | |
Self-assessed health: | |
Excellent/very good | Reference |
Fair | 0.97 [0.70-1.34] |
Poor or very poor | 1.31 [0.74-2.31] |
Cardio-metabolic conditions: | |
No | Reference |
Yes | 1.33 [0.97-1.84] |
Social interaction: | |
Every week | Reference |
1–2 times/month | 1.08 [0.57-2.05] |
Rarely/never | 1.69 [0.62-4.58] |