Table 4 Swallowing and oral function
From: Possible benefits of singing to the mental and physical condition of the elderly
Items | Group | Before singing | After singing |
|---|---|---|---|
RSST (time) | Total | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.8 |
Like singing | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | |
Diskike singing | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | |
Bite force test (KN) | Total | 0.166 ± 0.108 | 0.171 ± 0.098 |
Like singing | 0.184 ± 0.123 | 0.192 ± 0.106 | |
Diskike singing | 0.138 ± 0.079 | 0.139 ± 0.079 | |
Oral moisture content test | Total | 28.3 ± 1.8 | 28.8 ± 1.8 |
Like singing | 28.3 ± 1.8 | 28.9 ± 1.9 | |
Diskike singing | 28.2 ± 1.9 | 28.4 ± 1.6 | |
Unstimulated saliva test (ml) | Total | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 4.0 ± 2.2 |
Like singing | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3.9 ± 2.3 | |
Diskike singing | 3.3 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | |
Saxon test (g) | Total | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.9 |
Like singing | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 2.0 | |
Diskike singing | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | |
Stimulated saliva test (ml) | Total | 14.9 ± 5.3 | 15.1 ± 5.6 |
Like singing | 14.9 ± 5.8 | 14.9 ± 6.1 | |
Diskike singing | 15.0 ± 3.7 | 15.5 ± 4.1 |