| CFS-patients | Healthy controls * (n = 33) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Overall (n = 38) | CDC+ (n=27) | CDC– (n = 11) |  |
Level 1, background and cardiovascular | ||||
Female gender | 30 (79 %) | 23 (85 %) | 7 (64 %) | 19 (58 %) |
 | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) |  |  |
Age (years) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
 | (14.4 to 15.5) | (14.2 to 15.7) | (14.2 to 16.0) | (14.5 to 15.8) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.2 | 20.6 |
 | (20.8 to 23.8) | (20.7 to 23.9) | (18.5 to 26.0) | (19.7 to 21.5) |
Fatigue duration (months) | 24 | 25 | 23 | Â |
 | (20 to 28) | (19 to 30) | (18 to 28) |  |
MAP baseline (mm Hg)** | 82.2 | 83.1 | 79.8 | 80.0 |
 | (79.4 to 84.9) | (79.9 to 86.4) | (73.8 to 85.8) | (77.8 to 82.3) |
HR baseline (beats/min)** | 72.7 | 73.7 | 70.4 | 66.8 |
 | (68.9 to 76.6) | (68.9 to 78.5) | (63.0 to 77.7) | (63.2 to 70.4) |
LF-RRI baseline (nu) ** | 38.3 | 37.2 | 40.9 | 40.8 |
 | (32.3 to 44.2) | (29.6 to 44.9) | (30.7 to 51.1) | (34.5 to 47.1) |
HF-RRI baseline (nu) ** | 61.7 | 62.8 | 59.1 | 59.2 |
 | (55.8 to 67.7) | (55.1 to 70.4) | (48.9 to 69.3) | (52.9 to 65.5) |
LF-RRI baseline (ms2) ** | 600 | 478 | 899 | 963 |
 | (331 to 868) | (280 to 677) | (29 to 1768) | (608 to 1318) |
HF-RRI baseline (ms2) ** | 1120 | 1038 | 1319 | 1859 |
 | (700 to 1539) | (606 to 1470) | (186 to 2452) | (964 to 2753) |
Delta MAP (mm Hg)** | 5.4 | 4.3 | 7.8 | −0.2 |
 | (3.8 to 6.9) | (2.6 to 6.1) | (4.8 to 10.9) | (−1.4 to 1.0) |
Delta HR (beats/min)** | 4.0 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
 | (2.3 to 5.7) | (2.5 to 6.8) | (−0.9 to 5.6) | (−0.3 to 2.3) |
Delta LF-RRI (nu) ** | 8.4 | 8.7 | 7.8 | −1.2 |
 | (3.8 to 13.1) | (2.6 to 14.7) | (0.3 to 15.4) | (−4.7 to 2.3) |
Delta HF-RRI (nu) ** | −8.4 | −8.7 | −7.8 | 1.2 |
 | (−13.1 to −3.8) | (−14.7 to −2.6) | (−15.4 to −0.3) | (−2.3 to 4.7) |
Delta LF-RRI (ms2) ** | −127 | −16 | −398 | −262 |
 | (−329 to 76) | (−166 to 134) | (−1042 to 247) | (−446 to −77) |
Delta HF-RRI (ms2) ** | −372 | −266 | −632 | −456 |
 | (−618 to −126) | (−458 to −74) | (−1412 to 147) | (−782 to −131) |
Level 2, symptoms (1–5 scale) | ||||
Fatigue†| 4.7 |  |  |  |
 | (4.5 to 4.8) |  |  |  |
Cognitive alterations‡ | 3.1 |  |  |  |
 | (2.8 to 3.5) |  |  |  |
Altered temperature control | 3.0 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.6 to 3.4) |  |  |  |
Altered sleep | 2.9 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.3 to 3.4) |  |  |  |
Hypersensitivity§ | 2.7 |  |  |  |
 | (2.3 to 3.1) |  |  |  |
Paina | 2.6 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.3 to 3.0) |  |  |  |
Altered peripheral circulationb | 2.6 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.2 to 3.1) |  |  |  |
Altered central circulationc | 2.5 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.2 to 2.9) |  |  |  |
Gastrointestinal alterations | 2.4 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.1 to 2.8) |  |  |  |
Altered visual control | 2.2 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (1.7 to 2.7) |  |  |  |
Immune alterationsd | 1.6 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (1.3 to 1.8) |  |  |  |
Altered muscle control | 1.6 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (1.2 to 2.0) |  |  |  |
Level 3, function (1–5 scale) | ||||
Disabilitye | 2.9 | Â | Â | Â |
 | (2.7 to 3.1) |  |  |  |