Psychosocial interventions for patients with chronic disease

Table 2 Different psychological, biological and sociological targets forchronic diseases

Targets of psychosomatic therapy	Target 1	Target 2	Target 3	Target 4	Target 5
Psychological reducing symptoms	depression	anxiety	hostility	pain
changing personality traits	self esteem	salutogenesis	type A	type C	type D
changing attitudes to disease and life	coping abilities
Behavioral changing behavior	adaption of illness behavior	smoking, alcohol	eating habits Vegetables and Low fat	physical activity
Sociological Gaining social support	social activities	going to work	better relationship with part ner/spouse	better relationship to other family members	better relation ship to friends a. neighbours
Biological targets	harmonize the autonomic imbalance	influence the psycho- endocrino- logical stress response	influence the psychoen- docrinological stress response -cortisol, catecholamine axis)
	influence pathogenic psychoin- flammatory mechanism	influence pathogenic psycho- immunologic mechanism
	influence cerebral regulation of the stress response
Biological Targets: Disease oriented measurements	asthma: reduce tendencies for attacks of hyperventi lation	diabetes: reduce phases of hyper and hypo glycemia	atopic dermatitis: reduce phases of cratching	essential hy- Pretension: handel hypertensive crisis after emotional activation
Disease orient- ted management	information about disease	make regulatory doctor visits	behaviour according disease management needs	take regulatory drugs

ISSN: 1751-0759