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Table 3 Comparison of effects on forenoon and afternoon walking

From: A before and after comparison of the effects of forest walking on the sleep of a community-based sample of people with sleep complaints

  

Forenoon session

 

Afternoon session

   Interactionc

 

   n

   Beforea

   Afterb

   n

   Beforea

   Afterb

 

Actual sleep time (min)

   26

   380.0 ± 99.6

   385.6 ± 101.7

   16

   342.9 ± 66.2

   475.4 ± 150.5

   0.005

Actual sleep (%)

   26

   88.8 ± 5.1

   88.9 ± 5.5

   16

   83.9 ± 9.6

   86.6 ± 8.7

   0.28

Sleep latency (min)

   26

   22.8 ± 40.2

   11.1 ± 10.9

   16

   15.6 ± 14.3

   9.4 ± 7.3

   0.61

Immobile time (min)

   26

   372.2 ± 95.7

   377.5 ± 98.2

   16

   330.6 ± 72.8

   463.4 ± 153.6

   0.006

St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire

       

   Self-rated depth of sleep (score)

   35

   4.5 ± 1.4

   4.9 ± 1.4

   29

   4.9 ± 1.3

   5.2 ± 1.6

   0.57

   Number of awakenings (times)

   37

   1.46 ± 1.26

   1.49 ± 1.22

   29

   1.52 ± 1.24

   1.41 ± 1.50

   0.63

   Sleep quality (score)

   34

   3.9 ± 1.1

   4.2 ± 1.2

   29

   4.1 ± 1.0

   4.3 ± 1.2

   0.87

   Alertness on waking (score)

   34

   3.4 ± 1.2

   3.6 ± 1.4

   28

   3.4 ± 1.2

   3.8 ± 1.1

   0.64

   Satisfaction with sleep (score)

   34

   3.2 ± 1.0

   3.2 ± 1.1

   29

   3.3 ± 1.1

   3.6 ± 0.9

   0.30

   Early morning awakening (n, % yes)

   34

   5, 14.7%

   5, 14.7%

   26

   5, 19.2%

   3, 11.5%

 

   Difficultly falling asleep (score)

   35

   1.2 ± 0.5

   1.2 ± 0.5

   29

   1.3 ± 0.6

   1.2 ± 0.5

   0.23

  1. Mean ± SD, a: night before forest walking, b: night after forest walking, c: repeated analysis of variance.