Psychosocial factors associated with smoking and drinking among Japanese early adolescent boys and girls: Cross-sectional study

Table 5 Multiple logistic regression analyses

	Tobacco use				Alcohol use
	Boys (N= 1,402)		Girls (N= 1,396)		Boys (N= 1,402)		Girls (N= 1,396)
Variable	OR^a	95%CI^b	OR^a	95%CI^b	OR^a	95%CI^b	OR^a	95%CI^b
Self-assertive efficacy against smoking or drinking	0.50	0.43 – 0.59	0.44	0.36 – 0.54	0.60	0.54 – 0.66	0.51	0.44 – 0.57
Parental involvement	0.92	0.88 – 0.97	0.97	0.91 – 1.04	1.00	0.96 – 1.03	0.99	0.95 – 1.03
School adjustment	0.90	0.83 – 0.97	0.82	0.74 – 0.91	0.97	0.92 – 1.02	0.90	0.85 – 0.95
Number of friends who smoke or drink alcohol	2.19	1.83 – 2.63	2.39	1.82 – 3.14	1.74	1.53 – 1.98	2.11	1.77 – 2.52

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for psychosocial variables influencing tobacco and alcohol use among Japanese boys and girls by multiple logistic regression analyses are shown.
^a Odds ratio. ^b Confidence interval.
Bold indicates significant association to the dependent variables at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).

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