Psychosocial factors associated with smoking and drinking among Japanese early adolescent boys and girls: Cross-sectional study

Table 4 Simple logistic regression analyses

	Tobacco use				Alcohol use
	Boys (N= 1,402)		Girls (N= 1,396)		Boys (N= 1,402)		Girls (N= 1,396)
Variable	OR^a	95%CI^b	OR^a	95%CI^b	OR^a	95%CI^b	OR^a	95%CI^b
Self-assertive efficacy against smoking or drinking	0.43	0.36 – 0.47	0.38	0.32 – 0.46	0.52	0.47 – 0.57	0.42	0.37 – 0.47
Parental involvement	0.85	0.82 – 0.89	0.88	0.84 – 0.93	0.94	0.91 – 0.97	0.91	0.88 – 0.94
School adjustment	0.78	0.74 – 0.84	0.76	0.70 – 0.82	0.88	0.84 – 0.91	0.83	0.79 – 0.87
Number of friends who smoke or drink alcohol	2.71	2.30 – 3.19	3.11	2.45 – 3.94	2.12	1.87 – 2.40	2.79	2.35 – 3.30

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for psychosocial variables influencing tobacco and alcohol use among Japanese boys and girls by simple logistic regression analyses are shown.
^a Odds ratio. ^b Confidence interval.
Bold indicates significant association to the dependent variables at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).

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